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| The Russian olive, Elaeagnus angustifolia, becomes a serious weed problem in refuge wetlands. Growing to heights of 25 feet, the trees are not long-lived. Many of the larger one were blown over by the hard winds in the late winter of 1999. A damaged tree will send sucker plants from the roots creating dense underbrush. Armed with one- to two-inch woody thorns, the trees provide good protection for wintering birds. The seeds may be eaten by larger birds in winter. |